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DNA: Full Form, Structure, Function, Types and Replication

DNA Full Form

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a molecule that contains genetic information for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

What is DNA?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). These nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence to encode the genetic information.

Who discovered DNA

The discovery of the structure of DNA is credited to James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, who proposed the double-helix structure of DNA.

Structure of DNA

The structure of DNA consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases that form the rungs of the DNA ladder. The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.

Function of DNA

The function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. DNA carries the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which are the building blocks of cells.

Types of DNA

There are different types of DNA, including mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA, and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother, while chloroplast DNA is inherited only from the father. Nuclear DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell and is responsible for most of the genetic information.


Replication of DNA

DNA replication is the process of copying the genetic information in preparation for cell division. It is a complex process involving the unwinding of the double helix, separation of the two strands, and synthesis of new complementary strands. The process is semi-conservative, meaning that each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand.

Similar terms to DNA

  • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
  • mRNA (Messenger RNA)
  • tRNA (Transfer RNA)
  • rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
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